電力鐵塔攀爬機(jī)器人
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- 本文基于雙足并聯(lián)腿爬塔機(jī)器人的實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺,對機(jī)器人的并聯(lián)腿結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了運(yùn)動學(xué)的正反解,評估了其工作空間,并根據(jù)其足底工作空間和工作環(huán)境的特點(diǎn)對其足端軌跡進(jìn)行了規(guī)劃,得到了一種比較理想的足端軌跡曲線,并利用貝塞爾曲線對軌跡進(jìn)行了插值與擬合。
本文針對電力鐵塔半結(jié)構(gòu)化的三維桁架結(jié)構(gòu),設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于先驗(yàn)知識的實(shí)時路徑規(guī)劃方法。該方法根據(jù)半結(jié)構(gòu)化環(huán)境的特點(diǎn)建立障礙物參數(shù)化模型,在運(yùn)動的過程中只需要提取少量特征點(diǎn)即可實(shí)現(xiàn)與參數(shù)化模型的對比,從而確定障礙物的類型,節(jié)約了系統(tǒng)實(shí)時建立整個環(huán)境模型的時間,大大的提高了實(shí)時規(guī)劃的效率。
本文基于雙足并聯(lián)腿爬塔機(jī)器人的實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺,對機(jī)器人的并聯(lián)腿結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了運(yùn)動學(xué)的正反解,評估了其工作空間,并根據(jù)其足底工作空間和工作環(huán)境的特點(diǎn)對其足端軌跡進(jìn)行了規(guī)劃,得到了一種比較理想的足端軌跡曲線,并利用貝塞爾曲線對軌跡進(jìn)行了插值與擬合。
本文針對電力鐵塔半結(jié)構(gòu)化的三維桁架結(jié)構(gòu),設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于先驗(yàn)知識的實(shí)時路徑規(guī)劃方法。該方法根據(jù)半結(jié)構(gòu)化環(huán)境的特點(diǎn)建立障礙物參數(shù)化模型,在運(yùn)動的過程中只需要提取少量特征點(diǎn)即可實(shí)現(xiàn)與參數(shù)化模型的對比,從而確定障礙物的類型,節(jié)約了系統(tǒng)實(shí)時建立整個環(huán)境模型的時間,大大的提高了實(shí)時規(guī)劃的效率。
在文章的最后使用 Adams-Matlab 對控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了仿真,驗(yàn)證了規(guī)劃得到的足跡與規(guī)劃算法,驗(yàn)證結(jié)果比較好的符合了設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果,并對誤差進(jìn)行了分析與處理。
關(guān)鍵詞:爬塔機(jī)器人;并聯(lián)機(jī)構(gòu);軌跡規(guī)劃;運(yùn)動控制;
ABSTRACT
Based on the experimental platform of the parallel-legged tower-climbing robot, this paper carries out the kinematics and forward solutions of the leg structure of the robot, evaluates its working space, and based on the characteristics of its plantar working space and working environment. After planning, an ideal foot-end trajectory curve is obtained, and the interpolation and fitting of the trajectory are performed by using the Bezier curve.
Aiming at the semi-structured three-dimensional truss structure of power tower, this paper designs a real-time path planning method based on prior knowledge. The method establishes an obstacle parametric model according to the characteristics of the
semi-structured environment. In the process of motion, only a small number of feature points need to be extracted to achieve comparison with the parametric model to
determine the type of obstacle, thereby saving the system to establish the whole in real time. The time of the environmental model greatly improves the efficiency of real-time planning. At the end of the paper, the control system is simulated by Adams-Matlab.
The footprint and planning algorithm obtained by the planning are verified. The verification results are in good agreement with the design results, and the errors are analyzed and processed.
Key words: climbing robot; parallel mechanism; trajectory planning; motion
control;
目 錄
摘 要 3
ABSTRACT 4
1緒 論
1.1課題研究背景與意義 7
1.2爬塔機(jī)器人綜述與國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 8
1.3主要工作與內(nèi)容安排 12
2爬塔機(jī)器人 Delta 腿結(jié)構(gòu)動力學(xué)分析
2.1爬塔機(jī)器人結(jié)構(gòu)與 Delta 機(jī)構(gòu)概述 14
2.2運(yùn)動學(xué) 15
2.2.1數(shù)學(xué)模型建立 15
2.2.2運(yùn)動學(xué)正解 16
2.2.3運(yùn)動學(xué)反解 19
2.3工作空間 20
2.4足端軌跡規(guī)劃 21
2.4.1足端路徑規(guī)劃 22
2.4.2足端軌跡加速度規(guī)劃 23
2.4.3軌跡擬合與插值 25
2.4.4關(guān)節(jié)空間運(yùn)動規(guī)劃 27
3路徑規(guī)劃與控制
3.1路徑規(guī)劃 29
3.1.1規(guī)劃算法 29
3.1.2步態(tài)分析 31
3.1.3障礙物分析 32
3.1.4障礙物參數(shù)化建模 33
3.1.5半?yún)?shù)化三維桁架結(jié)構(gòu)高速路徑規(guī)劃 35
3.2 仿真 37
3.3硬件系統(tǒng) 38
3.4控制系統(tǒng) 38
4實(shí)驗(yàn)與誤差分析
4.1行走實(shí)驗(yàn) 41
4.2軌跡誤差分析 42
4.3提高精度的方法 43
5總結(jié)與展望
5.1課題研究總結(jié) 44
5.2展望與方向 44
參考文獻(xiàn) 46
致 謝 49...