曲軸加工工藝
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- 曲軸設計說明書摘 要
本設計主要圍繞發動機曲軸的工藝規程和專用夾具設計進行研究，其內容包括了解曲軸結構，確定曲軸的生產類型及相關的技術要求。在此基礎上，選擇毛坯，確定毛坯的尺寸公差和機械加工余量，繪制毛坯圖。并在認真詳細分析零件圖后，進行基準的選擇，制定了表面加工方法，劃分加工階段，根據生產類型確定工序的集中和分散，合理地安排工序，編排合適的工藝路線；進行詳細計算，包括：加工余量、工序尺寸和公差的確定、切削用量的計算及時間定額的計算。從而制定出一套合理的機械加工工藝卡片和機械加工工序卡片。
第二部分主要圍繞專用鉆床類夾具進行設計。首先明確夾具設計的主要任務，通過確定定位元件，導向裝置，夾緊機構得出夾具的結構方案，查閱相關國家標準，繪畫夾具裝配圖。
總之，曲軸加工工藝的安排以及專用夾具的設計是一項非常復雜的高難度工作，它是一種需大批量生產的零件，且技術要求比較高，為了確保產品的質量和水平，設計工作按照科學的程序進行，分清主次。
關鍵詞：曲軸；加工工藝；定位；夾緊；鉆孔；夾具設計
ABSTRACT
In this paper the technological procedure and proprietary drilling fixture design of the engine crankshaft were studied, whose contents included that the use of crankshaft, the production type of crankshaft of and the relevant technical requirements. On this basis, the rough was chosen, and the size of the rough was determined, and the mechanical allowances were determined. A rough map was drawn. After carefully detailed analysis of the parts, the reference was chosen, the development of surface processing methods was determined, and the demarcation of the processing stages was divided. According to the production process the type of centralization and decentralization was determined, the process was reasonably arranged, and the order and orchestrates a suitable process line were set up. Then some detail was calculated, such as allowance, processes size and the determination of tolerance. The amount of calculation and the calculation of the fixed time was cut. Thus a set of reasonable card processing machinery and mechanical processes cards were drawn up.
The second part of the design was the focus of this issue which was difficult, who was mainly centered on proprietary drilling fixture design, Z525-use vertical drilling, drilling middle-hole design process by which a drilling fixture. Firstly fixture was designed to clear the major tasks identified by positioning components, guidance devices, clamping body fixture structure, access to the relevant national standards, painting fixture assembly.
In short, the processing arrangements of crankshaft and the design of special fixture are a very complex difficult work. It is required in mass production. The technical requirements are relatively high. In order to ensure the quality and level of design the design work was carried out in accordance with the procedures of science, the relation between primary and secondary was distinguished.
Keywords: Bent axle； Processing technical； Cutting parameters； FixtureDesign
目 錄
摘要 Ⅰ
Abstract Ⅱ
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 設計的意義和目的 1
1.2 研究方向及發展趨勢 2
1.3 設計的主要內容 3
第2章 曲軸毛坯的選擇 5
2.1 分析曲軸零件圖 5
2.1.1 曲軸使用的性能與工作條件 5
2.1.2 曲軸的結構與技術要求 6
2.2 曲軸毛坯的選擇 6
2.2.1 選擇毛坯 6
2.2.2 確定機械加工余量、毛坯尺寸和公差 7
2.3 本章小結 8
第3章 曲軸加工工藝設計 9
3.1 工藝基準的選擇 9
3.2 加工階段的劃分 9
3.3 工序的集中與分散 10
3.4 工序順序的安排 10
3.5 確定工藝路線 11
3.6 加工余量、工序尺寸和公差的確定 12
3.7確定切削用量及時間定額 15
3.8 本章小結 20
第4章 鉆床夾具的設計 22
4.1 夾具的概念 22
4.2 鉆斜油孔專用夾具設計 25
4.2.1 部分基本件的選擇 25
4.2.2 主要零件的選擇 25
4.2.3 工步的制定 25
4.2.4 鉆模夾具應注意的問題 26
4.2.5鉆模夾具的定位及設計原則 26
4.2.6 斜孔鉆模夾具的改進思路 30
4.2.7液壓系統的設計 30
4.3 鉆中心孔專用夾具設計 35
4.3.1 明確設計任務、收集分析原始資料 35
4.3.2 確定夾具的結構方案 35
4.3.3 繪制夾具結構簡圖 38
4.4 本章小結 39
結論 40
參考文獻 41
致謝 42
附錄 43
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