混藥投料機的設計
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- 混藥投料機的設計摘 要
隨著農村經濟的發(fā)展，越來越多的農業(yè)生產人員使用現(xiàn)代農業(yè)裝備來發(fā)展生產，減輕勞動強度，提高農產品的質量，增產增收，增加經濟效益。我國的水產養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展很快，隨著各地養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模的不斷擴大，采用機械代替人工投飼已被普遍認可。水產養(yǎng)殖專業(yè)戶在喂養(yǎng)魚飼料時，大多數(shù)采用人工拋料的方法。人工拋料不能保證喂料的均勻性，費時費工，勞動強度大，效率低下，甚至浪費魚飼料及污染養(yǎng)魚水質，影響了魚類的生長發(fā)育，增加了養(yǎng)魚成本。機械投飼有以下好處：節(jié)約飼料（較人工投飼節(jié)約10%~15%），降低了勞動強度同時節(jié)約了勞動支出、增加了魚的產量。因此混藥投料機應運而生。目前在淡水類漁業(yè)的養(yǎng)殖中，使用的投餌機都沒有藥物自動噴涂系統(tǒng)，在魚業(yè)的疾病防治與治療中大多還是采用傳統(tǒng)的人工攪拌方法，這樣不但勞動效率低，提高了工人的勞動強度，最主要的是傳統(tǒng)的人工攪拌方法使飼料與藥物的混合均勻度很低，這樣不但藥物的利用率低，還污染了水體，為了解決這一問題，本人在TEJ30水產養(yǎng)殖自動投餌機的基礎之上研制開發(fā)了一套藥物自動噴涂系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)設定參數(shù)為噴霧流量，噴霧時間和噴霧強度；同時還從工藝和性能要求方面介紹了本藥物自動噴涂系統(tǒng)的設計和工藝加工過程。
關鍵詞：水產養(yǎng)殖；機械投飼；自動投料機；疾病防治與治療；
Abstract
With the development of the rural economy, a growing number of agricultural production, the use of modern agricultural equipment to develop production, reduce labor intensity and improve the quality of agricultural products, increase income, increase cost effectiveness. China's aquaculture industry has developed rapidly, with the various parts of the expansion culture, the use of machinery instead of manual Feeding has been generally recognized. Specialized households aquaculture fish feed in the feeding, most adopt the methods of artificial material behind. Artificial feeding can not guarantee that throw material homogeneity and time-consuming work, labor-intensive, inefficient, and even a waste of fish feed and fish water pollution, affecting the growth of fish, an increase of the cost of fish. Feeding machine has the following advantages: saving feed (Artificial Feeding savings than 10% ~ 15%), reducing the labor intensity of labor-saving expenditure at the same time, an increase of fish production. Therefore fish feeder for automatic sprinklers came into being. Freshwater fisheries in the culture category, the use of drugs are not feeding machine automatic spray system, in the fish industry for Disease Control and Prevention and treatment of the majority or the traditional method of manual mixing, so that labor is not only inefficient and labor to improve workers strength, the most important is the traditional method of manual stirring a mixture of feed and drugs is very low evenness, so that the low utilization rate of not only drugs, but also polluted the water body, in order to solve this problem, I TEJ50 of aquaculture in the automatic feeding machine the basis of a set of drug research and development of automatic spraying system, which set the parameters for the spray flow, spray time and spray intensity; At the same time from the process and performance requirements introduced the automatic spraying system of drug design and processing technology.
Key words: aquaculture; Mechanical Feeding; automatic feeding machine; disease prevention and treatment;
目 錄
1 緒論···································································1
1.1 前言······························································1
1.2 魚餌投料機概述···············································1
1.2.1 我國魚餌投料機使用現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展態(tài)勢·····························1
1.2.2 魚餌投料機的類型和應用······························1
2 混藥投料機總體方案設計·············································3
2.1 混藥投料機的工作過程及其原理·······································3
2.2 混藥投料機的組成···················································3
2.3 混藥投料機設計··················································3
3 混藥投料機各部件計算選擇···············································4
3.1 拋料盤的計算·················································4
3.1.1 拋料盤的轉速計算··········································4
3.1.2 拋料盤功率的計算·········································5
3.1.3 拋料盤配套電機的選擇······································5
3.2 水泵的計算··············································5
3.2.1 水泵流量計算··············································5
3.2.2 水泵的揚程計算···········································6
3.2.3 水泵功率的計算···············································8
3.2.4 水泵效率的計算········································9
3.2.5 允許吸上真空高度·············································9
3.2.6 水泵轉速·············································9
3.2.7 水泵功率·············································9
3.2.8 水泵配套電機的選擇·······································9
3.3 噴頭的計算················································10
3.3.1 噴頭進水口直徑選擇·········································10
3.3.2 噴頭噴嘴直徑計算····································10
3.3.3 噴頭噴嘴仰角的選擇·······································10
3.3.4 噴頭壓力要求··········································10
3.3.5 噴頭流量計算·········································10
3.3.6 噴頭的有效射程·······································10
3.3.7 噴頭的噴灌強度計算········································11
3.3.8 噴頭的基本外形尺寸計算····································11
3.4 過濾器的選擇··············································12
3.5 噴灌管道的選取·············································13
3.6 藥箱的選取·············································13
3.7 聯(lián)軸器的選取··················································13
4 總結·······························································15
參考文獻·······················································15
1 緒 論
1.1 前 言
近些年來，隨著我國淡水養(yǎng)魚業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展和單位面積產量的提高，養(yǎng)魚機械已經成為不可缺少的設備。在一定面積范圍的魚塘內，要提高單位面積的產量，就必須增加魚苗的投放尾數(shù)。然而天然的飼料往往不能滿足魚類生長的需要，需要進行人工飼料的補充。魚用飼料自動投餌機可以實現(xiàn)遠距離，定點定時定量的機械投料，克服了傳統(tǒng)的人工投料勞動強度大，飼料投放不均勻，生產成本高等問題，實現(xiàn)了人工飼喂的機械化，自動化生產。隨著養(yǎng)殖現(xiàn)代化自動化的發(fā)展，采用機械化投料，實現(xiàn)自動化已經被廣泛認可。統(tǒng)計表明：在節(jié)約飼料（較人工投喂節(jié)約10%-15%），降低勞動強度和節(jié)約成本，提高生產率這三項統(tǒng)計上，使用魚飼料自動投餌機的漁場，單位每臺年效益好的在6000元左右，差的亦在1500元以上，廣大養(yǎng)殖戶尤其是大規(guī)模的養(yǎng)殖專業(yè)戶對魚飼料自動投餌機的需求很大。
然而，雖然隨著我國漁業(yè)養(yǎng)殖的迅速發(fā)展和相關的漁業(yè)養(yǎng)殖機械的不斷更新發(fā)展，市場上出現(xiàn)了許許多多的各種各樣的魚用飼料自動投餌機，但在魚類疾病的預防與治療中還處于比較傳統(tǒng)的人工攪拌階段。采用人工攪拌的方法，不但勞動效率低，提高了工人的勞動強度，最主要的是還存在藥物與飼料的混合均勻度差的問題，這樣不但造成藥物的浪費，還存在水體污染的問題.為了解決這一問題，本人在TEJ30水產養(yǎng)殖自動投餌機的基礎之上，再結合實際的生產生活需要，開發(fā)研制了一款帶有藥物自動噴涂系統(tǒng)的魚飼料自動投餌機。
本設計工作主要分兩部分，第一部分是魚飼料自動投餌機的設計，第二部分主要是藥物噴涂系統(tǒng)的設計。兩部分的設計方案都由本人獨立完成，在設計的過程中我查閱了魚飼料自動投餌機的相關資料和農用噴灌機械的相關資料，在老師的指導和同學的幫助下順利地完成了這次設計任務。
設計過程中，由于本人的水平有限，必然會有很多的不足之處，敬請各位老師批評指導。
1.2 魚餌投料機概述
1.2.1我國投料機使用現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展態(tài)勢
目前，隨著池塘精養(yǎng)高產、高密度養(yǎng)殖事業(yè)的發(fā)展，投餌機已在養(yǎng)殖業(yè)中普遍應用。使用投餌機進行定時、定量、均勻準確投喂，可大幅度提高飼料的利用效率，降低餌料系數(shù)，減少養(yǎng)魚的生產成本，同時又能提高工人的勞動效率，減輕勞動強度。可是目前生產中使用的投餌機控制系統(tǒng)存在著定時不準確、可靠性差、投餌與間歇時間設置不合理、不能調節(jié)投餌距離、浪費餌料等問題。研究池塘投餌機準確控制系統(tǒng)，開發(fā)新技術和新產品，成為投餌機推廣應用的關鍵技術問題。
1.2.2漁用自動投餌機的類型和應用...
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